Amber Jamieson, Water Advocacy Director, EPIC
On January 7, 2025, the California State Water Resources Control Board (Water Board) unanimously adopted Emergency Minimum Instream Flow Regulations for the Scott and Shasta Rivers, two important tributaries to the Klamath River. This decision, prompted by input from tribes, watershed groups, farmers, landowners, and local stakeholders, represents a critical step in safeguarding salmonid populations in the region, which have been severely threatened by overallocated water resources and ongoing drought conditions. The new emergency regulations aim to provide immediate relief to these species, whose survival is increasingly jeopardized by inadequate water flow during dry seasons.
The struggle to protect salmonids in the Scott and Shasta Rivers has reached an urgent crossroads. As water continues to be diverted to irrigate agricultural fields, the region faces severe ecological challenges. Emergency measures have been necessary to address these challenges, but they are not a comprehensive solution. The Water Board’s adoption of these new flow regulations represents a significant achievement, but river advocates emphasize that further action is required, particularly as the Water Board begins working toward permanent regulations.
In the coming months, the Water Board will reconvene to develop a timeline for implementing permanent minimum instream flow regulations. This includes conducting biological and economic studies to assess the potential impacts of baseline flows, which only provide the bare minimum flows fish need to avoid extinction. While the recent decision is a positive step forward, river and fish advocates have raised concerns that the regulations need to be more robust, with a focus on not only survival flows, but also recovery flows.
One of the main concerns voiced by salmon advocates is that the current emergency regulations focus solely on minimum baseline flows that support fish survival. While these flows are crucial to preventing the extinction of salmonid species, they do not promote the recovery or long-term sustainability of these populations. Salmon advocates have called for studies that address recovery flows, which would aim to improve river conditions so that salmon populations can not only survive but also thrive, leading to the eventual recovery of endangered species like coho salmon.
In addition to biological studies, advocates also urged the Water Board to consider the economic impacts of declining salmonid populations. The loss of salmon, particularly as a vital food source for Native American communities along the Klamath River, has had profound social and economic consequences. Research has shown that the elimination of salmon from traditional diets has contributed to a host of health problems, including high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and other diet-related illnesses among the Karuk Tribe.
Another area of concern is the lack of transparency in water management and the monitoring of water diversions. In previous years, the Local Cooperative Solutions (LCS) program, which encouraged water users to voluntarily collaborate on water conservation efforts in lieu of curtailments, did not meet the necessary data and monitoring requirements. In particular, there were gaps in water metering, which left local communities unable to effectively track water use or ensure compliance with flow regulations during critically low water periods. Advocates have called for greater transparency, particularly through the installation of water meters and the publication of data that can be publicly reviewed. Proper documentation of water use is essential for building trust and ensuring that water is allocated equitably.
In addition to focusing on the mainstem of the Scott and Shasta Rivers, advocates have called for greater attention to the tributaries that feed into these rivers. Tributaries like Shackleford Creek play an essential role in supporting salmon populations, but these waterways often run dry during peak irrigation season of the summer months, even when minimum flows on the mainstem are being met. Installing monitoring gauges in these tributaries would provide crucial data to water managers, helping to prevent fish kills and stranding events which have become a recurring issue in key watersheds.
While the Water Board’s adoption of emergency minimum flow regulations is a significant step forward, more work is needed to restore and protect the Scott and Shasta Rivers. River advocates are calling for biological and economic studies of both baseline and recovery flows, as well as greater transparency and accountability in water use. Also, any permanent regulations should incorporate the full range of social, cultural, and economic impacts, particularly those affecting indigenous communities. We are grateful that the Water Board is adopting minimum flows, but we want to ensure that the minimum flows are adequate to support the recovery of salmon and the communities that depend on them.